Abigail williams Essay

In 1692, in the town of Salem, Massachusetts, a few little youngsters encountered an invoked sickness, setting off the start of widespread panic in the town. The unexplained sicknesses were believed to be the devil’s doing; utilizing witches to recolor the town. The insanity spread inside the carefully strict town and took into consideration vengeance and old jealousies to be revived. Ladies and men succumbed to the little youngsters and were sentenced to hang. The impossible occasions that occurred got known as the Salem Witch Trials. The preliminaries carried Arthur Miller to compose The Crucible, portraying the disastrous occasions. All through The Crucible, a little youngster named Abigail Williams utilizes her cleverness and misdirection to get what she needs. Her desire and absence of good and morals enables her to sentence blameless creatures to death, with no inquiries. Abigail Williams is viewed as â€Å"seventeen and strikingly beautiful† (138). In any case, she is narrow minded, and an amazing liar. At the point when examined regarding what had occurred in the backwoods, she spares herself by saying she and the young ladies were just moving. Abigail lies with the expectation of keeping herself in the clear. Abigail is later questioned about the prior night. She says it was Tituba’s thought and Tituba promptly admitted. Abigail is desirous and perceives how Tituba is adulated after she admits; as Gods light on the planet, searching for abhorrent. Abigail blames a few ladies for working with the Devil so she also can be lauded (158). Everybody looked past her trickiness and thought what Abigail was stating valid. Abigail’s desire of Tituba incited her to blame guiltless ladies for black magic. Abigail is additionally dull and unfeeling. She says to Betty and Mercy that in the event that they express an expression of what occurred in the forested areas, â€Å"I will come to you operating at a profit of some horrendous evenings and I will bring a pointy figuring that will shiver you† (144). Abigail demonstrates she would effectively keep herself in the clear, regardless of whether it implied killing her cousin. Abigail changes to an unnerving young lady, who has the capacity of blaming blameless townspeople. This force fills Salem with dread to revolt against her. Her intricate systems and commitment make her undefeatable. She turns out to be increasingly savage and strong in her allegations. She blames Elizabeth Proctor for being a witch, who was a decent lady and very much regarded inside the Salem people group (172). Abigail wounds herself so as to place Elizabeth in the fault, uncovering her devotion to theâ accusations. Her constancy and scheming plans give the townspeople no other decision yet to accept what she is stating. Abigail is an unfeeling scalawag, who obtains the ability to blame a few additional ladies in the town of Salem. What was once fourteen denounced grows into thirty nine, practically overnight. Dread is available in all the townspeople, who are apprehensive Abigail would look for vengeance on them. At the point when Proctor states Mary must tell the court Abigail is lying, Mary cautions Proctor she will blame Proctor for obscenity (174). Delegate is amazed Abigail enlightened anybody concerning the issue. Abigail develops into an inhumane young lady who might successfully get what she needs, including charge the man she guarantees she cherishes of prurience. Abigail’s change into a scalawag rouses Proctor to go to the court and demonstrate Abigail isn't exemplary. Abigail keeps on being a merciless young lady, set on wrecking lives of ladies and men in Salem. Her mankind appears to vanish totally, as she charges an ever increasing number of ladies. She hugy affects the young ladies, who are too panicked to even think about confessing they were just professing to be witched. Abigail targets and controls feeble Mary Warren, a young lady who used to be her companion. â€Å"†¦A wind, a virus wind, has come (her eyes fall on Mary Warren)† (188). Abigail lost all the feelings she had for Mary Warren and Proctor, blaming them both for black magic. She develops in to a childish young lady, who pines for the consideration and force she gets from Salem. Her capacity appears to be a lot for Mary Warren to hold up under, as she comes back to Abigail’s side. She gets lecherous for force and control, denying any allegations made against her. By first charging the town alcoholic and vagrant, her believability skyrockets. She had the certainty to blame Elizabeth, a lady who is profoundly regarded. So as to satisfy her dream with John Proctor, Abigail misfortunes her still, small voice and censures any individual who meddles with her arrangement. Her proceeded with savagery and certainty conjures terrorizing in the entirety of Salem. She exploits Salem’s numbness to fulfill her wants. The preliminaries end in nineteen blameless individuals being hanged. The town’s mentality towards the execution changed into compassion toward the individuals who had succumbed to the young ladies. Widespread panic can transform apparently honest young ladies into coldblooded executioners who cause torment on others. Works Cited Mill operator, Arthur. The Crucible. McDougal Litell Literature: American Literature. Evanston, IL: McDougal Litell.132-208. Print

China Foreign Direct Investment in Cambodia - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk about the China Foreign Direct Investment in Cambodia. Answer: Presentation This report centers around the Business natural examination of Cambodia for the business extension. This is the worldwide business report on the organization Novotel that is entering in the global market of Cambodia. Novotel is an upscale lodging brand under the AccorHotels gathering. In current time, Novotel has around 400 inns and resorts working in 60 nations. Novotel has begun its first lodging in France and now it is working in everywhere throughout the world. Presently, lodging will grow its business in Cambodia. Be that as it may, before entering in the new nation, it is significant for the organization to comprehend the business condition of the nation which can altogether influence the business activities (Frynas Mellahi, 2011). This report breaks down the natural variables including the formal and casual organizations of the nation. Business Environmental Analysis Formal Institutions Governmental issues Political framework at first assumes a pivotal job and bigly affects the business. There are different variables of Cambodias political components that sway on the lodging professional government guidelines, provincial incorporation and the degree of tax collection. Cambodia is one of the creating nations which has sacred domain with majority rule government of multi gatherings and elective specialists. Cambodia has the position of most major worldwide organizations like ASEAN, IMF, WTO, UN and The World Bank (The Heritage Foundation, 2017). Further, nation has stable world of politics which is advantageous for the new business in the nation. It must be noticed that there is high political hazard in the nation. The framework of Cambodia is poor and there is the need of extra speculations. The entrance of power is restricted there and this is the test for larger part of populace. Laws Lawful framework and rules of games In Cambodia, there is the business register law which characterizes the procedure and necessities related with the enrollment or development of business organization. As the piece of commitment to showcase advancement, Ministry of Commerce of Cambodia has permitted outside organizations to connect openly in the business activities. Abroad organizations just need to enlist themselves with the Ministry of Commerce and make good on significant expenses. Next, there is business undertakings law which accommodates the improvement of four kinds of lawful individual for example restricted organization, basic business, private constrained organization and open constrained organization. This law gives autonomous legitimate character to the organization and lawful obligation for the investors. Alongside this, it characterizes the rights and accountabilities of the members of the organization. Next, there is business assertion law in the Cambodian legitimate framework so as to settle business d ebates in the lawful and legal condition. Regardless of powerful laws and enactments, there are issues in the laborers rights. Regardless of all around created work lawmaking body, there is juridical debasement and feeble observing establishments which prompted maltreatment of the privileges of laborers. Because of absence of associations, it is hard for individuals to take enemy their privileges in work environments. Financial matters Financial turn of events Over two many years of solid budgetary turn of events, Cambodia has accomplished the degree of lower center salary starting at 2016 alongside the Gross National Income (GNI) per capita coming to $1,070. Because of Garments fares and Tourism, there is a customary improvement pace of 7.6% in the nation which has positioned 6th on the planet. In Cambodia, it is normal that monetary development of the nation will stay solid throughout the following two years for example 6.8% in 2018 and 6.9% in 2019. Neediness is persistently falling in Cambodia as in 2014; the destitution rate was 13.5% as complexity to 47.8% in 2007. Around 90% of denied individuals live in the nation. Alongside this, Cambodia has the Millennium Development Goals by helping destitution. Around 4.5 million individuals remain close poor, helpless to declining once more into neediness (The World Bank Group, 2017). Wellbeing and training is significant improvement needs for Cambodia. There are 32% or around 0.5 million kids under five who are immature. In the essential training, net enlistment expanded from 82% in 1997 from 97% in 2017. Further, lower auxiliary finishing rate is 43%. Monetary framework The monetary arrangement of Cambodia is an open market framework or market economy and has accomplished brisk financial improvement during a decade ago. In 2015, Cambodia has GDP of $18.05 billion. Further, per capita salary is quickly expanding yet it is low as contrasted and most neighboring nations. At present the focal point of the nation is on setting up benevolent outskirts with neighbor nations for example Vietnam and Thailand. In the open market of the nation, exchange is significant for the economy of Cambodia (Kotler et al, 2012). The normal applied levy rate is 4.9% in the nation. New outside interest in the nation might be checked by the legislature of Cambodia. Privatization in the nation has expanded the effectiveness of banking part. Credit to private part in the nation has expanded. It ought to be noticed that there is the significant level of financial hazard in Cambodia. The quickly developing economy of the nation is commanded by the travel industry, development and agribusiness. Alongside this, The World Bank has ordered Cambodia as the nation of low-center salary nation (Oneill, 2014). Casual Institutions Culture In Cambodia, individuals have conventions and customs so as to accomplish broad and stable relations in the business. Cambodians trusts in having suitable execution which is imperative. The nation has long history of development and culture which is influenced by Indian nation. Cambodians have two strict perspectives for example Hinduism and Buddhism. 95% of Buddhist depends on close to home encounters, sensibility and basic investigation. The social investigation of Cambodia should be possible by Hofstede Cultural Dimension. High Power separation There is the noteworthy hole in the Cambodian culture between unrivaled force and frail. This is related with the separation among rich and poor. Significant level of vulnerability shirking The development of Cambodia is probably going to reduce the peril and ensure the financial protections. There are different composed standards, less hazard taking by administrators, less driven workers and lower work turnover (Hofstede, 2011). Community Individuals in Cambodia are worried for long haul affiliations. They give more worry to family, gatherings and society. Further, they care for one another to show dependability and less singularity. High women's activist or low manliness file Individuals care for one another and greatness of the life for the two people. In the associations, chiefs give greater affirmation to the representatives on the off chance that they carry out their responsibility with high obligation. Alongside this, they permit them more opportunity (Alkailani, Azzam and Athamneh, 2012). Morals Government There is both positive also negative parts of colonialism morals of Cambodia. In the positive viewpoint, Cambodia is ceaselessly prospering with the material business because of its standards and morals. There are numerous Cambodians who despite everything live with farming business. Further, there is additionally acceptable arrangement of the travel industry which improves the economy of nation. Alongside this, there are solid social associations in the Cambodian culture (Tang, 2012). Then again, the economy of the nation is anything but difficult to lose as the huge piece of this is the travel industry. Cambodians are depending on the cultivating occupation for the food and business yet there is the danger of whether conditions. By knowing the foundation data, nation has made a few adversaries that can unleash and affect on the exchanges of the nation (Webley Werner, 2008). Standards In the Cambodian culture, there are a few standards followed by individuals in Cambodia. Some of them are as per the following: Language-Khmer is the official language of Cambodia. This language is utilized in the social setting for example training at all the levels, government organizations and in broad communications. This language is spoken by 7 million individuals which are 90% of all out populace. Ideas There are reasonable thoughts identified with cooperation which assumes imperative jobs in the regular day to day existence of Cambodians. For karma, the idea incorporates with the law of activity and soundly. For the community, individuals in Cambodia offer inclinations to family, society and gatherings instead of person. The thought concentrations about hiding any hint of failure which attempts to avoid losing face of anybody in the exchanges. In this way, in the event that any organization needs to work with Cambodia, at that point it ought to be aware of the activities (Vidal-Suarez Lopez-Duarte, 2013). Welcome When Cambodian welcome, they twist around their head for demonstrating adoration with squeezing the hands commonly. This movement is known as Som Pas. Further, when Cambodians meet with outside people then they essentially adjust the welcome of remote styles by shaking hands. Rather than taking the name of Cambodians, they use Lok instead of Mr. of the men and Lok Srey instead of Ms. or on the other hand Mrs. For ladies before the primary name (Tilley, Fredricks Hornett, 2012). Clothing regulation There is legitimate clothing standard which is significant for Cambodian. Clothing standard speaks to their situation in the general public. So as to do organizations in the nation, individuals additionally center around fitting clothing regulation. In the business procedure in Cambodia, men wear shirt with neckline with long jeans. Then again, ladies wear dresses or pullovers rather short skirts. References Alkailani, M., Azzam, I. what's more, Athamneh, A., (2012), Replicating Hofstede in Jordan: Ungeneralized, Reevaluating the Jordanian Culture, IBR, 5(4). Frynas, J. G., Mellahi, K., (2011), Global Strategic Management, (second), New York: Oxford University Press Inc. Hofstede, G., (2011), Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and

I Went to the ARC for the First Time

I Went to the ARC for the First Time Ive been a student at the University of Illinois for two years now, and in all my time here, I had never taken a trip to the ARC (activities and recreational center). My freshman year, I had a fitness center in my dorm, and the thought of trekking a few blocks in the middle of January just didnt do it for me. My sophomore year, the company I lease with opened a fitness center. I always went there to avoid the crowds. Photo from Rachel Hernandez But recently, Ive turned a new leaf. Today marks the seventh consecutive day that Ive gone to the ARC Im hooked! Whether running the track or relaxing in the sauna, the ARC offers something for everyone: swimming, lifting, cardio, yoga, dance, massages, and meal-prep. Gif from Giphy.com So, heres the deal. If you are a high school senior and health and fitness are important to you, let me say this, loud and clear; the University of Illinois has one of the largest, nicest gyms of any college. With the number of machines available, you will always be able to get your workout done, and the staff is incredibly friendly! Rachel Class of 2020 I am studying Middle Grades Education with concentrations in Social Sciences and Literacy in the College of Education. Although I now reside in Champaign, I am originally from Vernon Hills, a Northwest suburb of Chicago.

The Importance of Latin in the Curriculum Essay examples

The Importance of Latin in the Curriculum My memories of Latin in high school are less than fond. I remember slouching in my chair, staring blankly at my desk as I tried to remember the form of the word agricola (farmer) in the ablative plural. Much of the class consisted of mundane activities like this. We translated endless Bible passages from Latin, translated what seemed like the entire body of Greek mythological literature, and read hundreds of lines from The Aneid, The Odyssey, and The Iliad. I signed up for Latin because I was considering going into medicine, and I had heard that doctors need to know Latin. As high school progressed, though, a medical career seemed less and less likely so it appeared I had no real use†¦show more content†¦Until the Reformation, church services were conducted using only Latin. One of the key principles of the Protestant movement was that the entire Christian message, Scripture included, should be made accessible to the common folk in their own tongue (Hammond 243-4). The Catholic Church also began to use the vernacular for its homilies during the Counter-Reformation for similar reasons (Smith 32). The switch from Latin to the common tongues did not occur overnight, though. In fact, the Catholic Church mandated that Mass be spoken only in Latin until the bishops of the second Vatican Council voted to make the switch in 1962 (Waquet 47). For hundreds of years it remained a key part of the education from middle school to college of those students that were fortunate enough to get one. Latin was taught so that students could read ancient religious, philosophical, and dramatic texts in their original language (Smith 27). By reading these texts in their original tongue, students would gain â€Å"the key to the superior wisdom of the Ancient World and to the piety of the Christian Fathers† (Smith 27-8). When these privileged students entered college before the decline of Latin, they entered a deeply Latin world. Upon entering the building, they would see Collegium inscribed above the door, their classrooms would be labeled sexta, quinta, quarta, and the teacher would lec ture in Latin. In fact, students were required to converse only in Latin during freeShow MoreRelatedThe Reign Of The Carolingian Dynasty1429 Words   |  6 PagesMiddle Ages. Although there were various Carolingian rulers who aided these advances, it is fair to say that Carolingian developments reached their peak during the reign of Charlemagne, a leader and reformer of the church who fully appreciated the importance of learning and education. Throughout his reign, he established himself, as a ruler, and his empire as an example that subsequent Kings of the Middle Ages would aim to obtain and uphold. In addition, Charlemagne created a cultural legacy that allowedRead MoreEssay On The MA IB Degree864 Words   |  4 Pagesnot all the offered International Business degrees fulfil these expectations, for instance, some prefer to teach the main modules in German. Coming back to the MA.IB, this postgraduate programme is a striking example of a complete international curriculum. That is to say a totally international atmosphere (around 50% of all students own an international degree), as well as the multi-disciplinary and multi-lingual approach. Not to mention the possibility to obtain a double degree in cooperation withRead MoreShakespsear867 Words   |  4 PagesWhen Shakespeare was a kid going to grammar school, a school open to boys only by the way! they learned Latin, Greek and rhetoric, persuasion through logical argument. Students read Latin and Greek writers to learn about the history of ancient Greece and the glory that was Rome† and this material was translated by them into English or French after many hours of work. Im glad the school curriculum of the 21 st century has evolved and we no longer spend our days doing boring stuff like that! Their old-fashionedRead MoreThe Impact Of Medieval Europe On Education1286 Words   |  6 Pagespossibilities, and a lot of freedom for the student to pick. The importance of education is found in many cultures, but where did it all begin? Medieval Europe started many ideals about education that would have a powerful effect on many different forms of education around the world. Medieval Europe birthed the very first institutions in which students could collectively learn the same information. 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Locke’s views on education were forward-looking compared to the classical ways of education. He emphasized the importance of teaching practical knowledge. He recognized that children learn best when they are engaged with the subject matter. Locke also foreshadowed some contemporary pedagogical views by suggesting that children should be allowed some self-directionRead MoreStructural Diversity Within A Community859 Words   |  4 Pagesethnic communities the implementation of structural diversity has influenced each community in a different way. The influence of structural diversity serves different purposes for European Americans as it does to African Americans, Asian Americans or Latin Americans. In Bowman’s (2012) study of structural diversity in college, results concluded that structural diversity, in an equally diverse institution, positively influenced the European American group of stude nts at that particular college. ThisRead MoreJustification of a Scheme of Work Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pagesyears. It is merely a breakdown of the whole programme into smaller chunks based on your frequency of your meetings with learners. (Wilson Practical Teaching 2008 p68) The selection and sequencing of topics reflect on the 6218 curriculum set by the awarding body, the curriculum is a Basic Construction Skills course built around various practical tasks for which there are unit credits attached to obtain the qualification. I first begin with easier tasks leading up to more advanced tasks as the courseRead MoreCurriculum Development1575 Words   |  7 PagesCurriculum Development The term curriculum originates from the Latin meaning â€Å"race course†. The term has been expanded and today is more widely used in education to mean a plan for a sustained process of teaching and learning (Pratt, 1997, p. 5). There are numerous formats for curriculum models. They can be deductive, meaning â€Å"they proceed from the general (examining the needs of society, for example) to the specific (specifying instructional objectives, for example)†, or inductiveRead MoreEssay on Comparative Education Project1269 Words   |  6 PagesMalmesbury, Lichfield, Hereford and Worcester. ï‚ § 776  Alcuin established school at York. ï‚ § 1016  Canute became king of England: concerned about the education of poor boys. ï‚ § 1066  Norman invasion: French replaced English as vernacular medium for teaching Latin. ï‚ § 1096  Oxford: evidence of teaching. ï‚ § 1209  Cambridge: scholars arrived from Oxford. ï‚ § 1249  Oxford: University College established, followed by Balliol 1260, Merton 1264. History 1300-1800 ï‚ §    ï‚ § 1384  Grammar school opened at Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire:

Essay about Womens Rights Movement - 833 Words

Tuesday, November 2, 1920, the day women voted for the first time. The New York Times called it, â€Å"The greatest voting day in the city’s history.† It was a wonderful day for women all across the country. All of their hard work had finally paid off. The Women’s Rights Movement changed the way women were seen. Before the passage of the 19th Amendment, women in many states were not given the right to vote. The Women’s Rights movement was caused by many factors, greatly impacted the society of the early 1900s and changed American society forever. Women were traditionally seen as the weaker sex – second-class citizens with a lower social status than men. A woman’s place was in the home. Men did the â€Å"heavier† labor, like plowing and hunting.†¦show more content†¦She modeled her Declaration of Sentiments after the Declaration of Independence. The first line of the Declaration of Sentiments and the Declaration of Independence only differed in two words, â€Å"and women†. At the convention, the women signed their names on the document. As one of the youngest signers to the Declaration of Sentiments, Charlotte Woodward became the only signer to see her dream come alive at the ballot box. To discourage the women from taking any further actions, newspapers across the country published and ridiculed the Declaration and its signers. Embarrassed by the bad publicity, several women decided to withdraw their name. However, most women were still willing to fight for their cause. The tea party on t hat hot summer afternoon started an ongoing fight for women’s equality. â€Å"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex† (U.S. Constitution). These are the words that women across the country were fighting to hear. Congress passed the 19th Amendment on June 4th, 1919 and sent it to the states. Seventy- five percent of the states needed to ratify the Amendment for it to be official. Before her son, Congressman Harry Burn from Tennessee, made the crucial vote on Women’s Suffrage, Mrs. J. L. Burn wrote him a letter. She told him, â€Å"Hurrah! And vote for suffrage and don’t keep them in doubt†¦ Don’t forget to be aShow MoreRelatedWomens Rights Movement1336 Words   |  6 PagesThe Women’s Rights Movement Women’s Suffrage is a subject that could easily be considered a black mark on the history of the United States. The entire history of the right for women to vote takes many twists and turns but eventually turned out alright. This paper will take a look at some of these twists and turns along with some of the major figures involved in the  suffrage  movement.   The first recorded instance in American history where a woman demanded the right to vote was in 1647. MargaretRead MoreWomens Rights Movements1199 Words   |  5 Pagesdoes have hope struggling to carry the world. Women are continuously dehumanized because they are not treated as equals in the work place, the media, and school however the women’s rights movement has given women the right of freedom of speech and right to vote I. Need for the movement Although, when the Women’s Rights movement started women were happy but it has then and even now moved quite slowly making women lose their hope. Women have transitioned into the state of mind of being the â€Å"housewife†Read MoreWomens Rights Movements951 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment went through great length to prevent specific groups from having the right and ability to vote. One group in particular that were deprive voting rights in the past was women. The idea that women wanted to be not above a man, but equal was unfathomable to most men and women. In the past, women were seen as unintelligent servants to their husbands and children. They were deprived many rights especially the right to vote in public state or national elections. This did not change until theRead MoreEssay on The Womens Rights Movement1346 Words   |  6 PagesThe Womens Rights Movement was a significant crusade for women that began in the late nineteenth century and flourished throughout Europe and the United States for the rest of the twentieth century. Advocates for womens rights initiated this movement as they yearned for equality and equal participation and representation in society. Throughout all of history, the jobs of women ranged from housewives to factory workers, yet oppression by society, particularly men, accompanied them in their everydayRead MoreEssay on The Womens Rights Movement1962 Words   |  8 PagesThe Womens Rights Movement History looks different when the contributions of women are included. -the National Womens History Project Throughout history, society has impacted the lifestyle of the individual. Change in society has a particular impact on the individual. During the Vietnam era, change in society was drastic. 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English Exam Free Essays

I personally think â€Å"Culture Smarts Norway a Quick Gulled to Customs Etiquette† has managed to capture the Norwegian lifestyle well. The tips are angled in a way for the reader to better understand Norwegian way of thinking and acting. Basic information about the Norwegian people and what values we got, that may be very different from other cultures. We will write a custom essay sample on English Exam or any similar topic only for you Order Now Being aware of other cultures values is an important and clever thing to do when traveling abroad. It strengthens your chances of good communication and prevents you from being misunderstood as easily. The only negative thing to say about the text is that It has put a lot of weight on Just explaining why we are so reserved, to help prevent foreigners from misunderstanding us. Of course this is important information, but there could be given more advice on how to otter the communication with us, rather than it mostly being excuses for our rather strange behavior. But don’t get me wrong, if I was to write a guide like this, I would most definitely mention the same things, but with some enhancements In the communication part. Appease 3. C) Do we really want to know? Weeklies; the weapon that â€Å"leaks out† confidential Information Into the public domain, Information the government Intended to keep secret, and backing the Information with trustworthy sources, as well as making sure the Individual providing the highly classified material remains anonymous. Weeklies has been a hot topic in the media the last couple of years. It’s not the information being given that is the main focus, but the fact that the Information is being given. Whether it Is good for the public to know, or if much of the information should be held kept, as intended. I personally appreciate such information. We all know terrible things happens in war, out rapports Ana Tall Dotage snowing emulates Ana Inhuman actions In war, causing death of civilians is something I feel is right for the public to see. To help prevent the government from believing they are untouchable. To help prevent military actions aging lives’ of the innocent, without consequences. For each individual, and their rights to know what is going on in the world, this information is best to be official for the public. But is this what’s best in the bigger picture? Is much of this information held secret, not only to hide information that is not accepted by the public, but to benefit world peace? Will the leaked information cause bigger consequences for cooperation between countries? Is the reduced trust in our government benefiting us, or is it better not to know? Maybe some of the information from Weeklies is better of being unknown to the public, in order to maintain world order. How to cite English Exam, Papers English Exam Free Essays

The Love Canal Tragedy and Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation

Introduction The Love Canal is named after William T. Love, the man who envisioned the idea of creating an 11-km canal between the two sections of the Niagara River to produce electricity for powering his planned city in the 1890s. However, his plan failed and the pit filled with water over the years.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Love Canal Tragedy and Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In 1940, Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation purchased the land for use in disposing chemicals. Nearly a decade later, the company had disposed more than 22,000 tons of toxic wastes, and the Love Canal was almost full. The land was later used to build schools and residential homes, and soon, residents started reporting strange odors and the presence of heavy metals. In 1976, heavy rains caused a large amount of chemicals to move to the surface, contaminating the whole area. In the years that followed, the area reported abnormally high rates of stillbirths and miscarriages, and a similar number of babies born with defects. Eventually in 1978, more than 1,000 families were evacuated from the area, and an EPA study found out that of the 36 people tested, 11 had deformed chromosomes, and that of 15 babies born in the area between 1970 and 1980, just 2 were well. In the early morning of August 19, 2006, residents of Abidjan city of Ivory Coast observed trucks with freshly painted logo dumping liquid wastes at various locations within the city, this went on for more than three weeks. A few weeks later, several residents began reporting a fowl smell, and tens of people were said to have died. After several investigations by foreign journalists and the Ivorian government agencies, it was discovered that a Dutch company, Trafigura, had contracted a ship to dispose chemical wastes from its plants in Ivory Coast. The wastes consisted of over 500 tons of a mixture of fu el, caustic soda (Sodium hydroxide), hydrogen sulfide and phenols that Trafigura had failed to dispose in the Netherlands due to high costs. The waste had come from the process of stripping coker gasoline to obtain naphtha. The company had then contracted a ship, Probo Koala, to deliver the wastes in Abidjan, and collaborated with a local company to dispose the wastes throughout Abidjan. The disposal is estimated to have caused the deaths of more than 17 people while close to 40,000 suffered various illnesses after inhaling the harmful gases released by the wastes. Parties Involved Hooker Chemical factory was solely responsible for the Love Canal Tragedy, however, the government was also responsible for failing to carry out conclusive studies on the long-term effects of the wastes on the area as had been done by Dr. Robert Mobbs. Dr. Mobbs had investigated the relation between insecticides and cancer and made his reports public, but the government failed to take it up. Eventually, m illions or dollars were used to clean up the area, with Hooker Company contributing almost $130 million and the rest by the government.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the Ivorian case, Trafigura was at fault, however, the Dutch government through the port of Amsterdam was also at fault for allowing Trafigura to move the waste back into the Probo Koala after realizing that the disposal fee was too high. Eventually, the Ivorian government and Trafigura paid for the victims’ hospital bills, the clean up exercise and other related expenses. The ‘Superfund’ was created in 1980 to collect funds from gas and chemical companies for use in clean-up processes identical to the Love Canal. A second legislation, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) was passed in 1976 in the US to monitor the disposal of solid wastes and toxic wastes. Superfund is i mplemented under the EPA and has been successful in cases such as the Kaiser Aluminum Chemical Corporation v. Catellus Development Corporation and Kaiser Ganton Technologies v. Quadion Corporation in California (1992) and Illinois (1993) respectively (Zoltowski, 1998). The RCRA has monitored waste disposal in areas such as in the Clean Harbors Environmental Services, Inc. incinerator near Kimball, Nebraska. The Basel Convention failed in Ivory Coast since Trafigura failed to disclose the contents of what it was carrying to port officials, besides, it worked in secrecy with an Ivorian company, Compagnie Tommy, to dispose the wastes in Abidjan without anyone’s knowledge. Corruption must have played a role too. The desire to build more schools and residential areas instigated the Love Canal tragedy. Later, Lois Gibbs, a woman whose family had been affected by the harmful wastes mobilized the Love Canal community and led a campaign to draw the government’s attention to th e matter. This led to the closure of the school. Further studies by the EPA and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry put pressure on the government and Hooker Corporation to act appropriately. Finally, people were moved out of the area and the company and the government worked together in the clean-up exercise and compensation. The Ivorian scenario also had its own set of pressures, mainly from media companies, but beginning with the company’s desire to make huge profits. Trafigura’s actions were exposed by a host of journalists, among them David Leigh (The Guardian), Meirion Jones and Liz Mackean (BBC Newsnight). The Ivorian public also protested, amidst mass resignations of top government officials. Further pressure came from the Dutch Parliament and the High Court in London, which filed a  £ 100 million lawsuit, eventually, after much denial, Trafigura paid a  £ 100 million for clean up and a further  £ 46 million to people who were affected. Trafigura vehemently denied ever depositing toxic substances, instead insisting that the waste was from the regular washing of the ship’s tank and could not cause human deaths in any way. The company only agreed to pay for the clean up and compensation due to pressure from media stations, the Dutch Parliament, and the arrest of its executives in Ivory Coast. Occidental also denied any involvement in the disaster, but eventually paid the settlement and clean-up fees. Hooker Corporation did not know the long-term effects of their actions while Trafigura knew the effects of their waste and engaged in unethical practices. I would choose to invest my money in Hooker Corporation. Environmental Justice is â€Å"the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, sex, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies† (Miller Tyler, 2003). Trafigura f louted this concept since they opted to dispose their wastes without involving all people of Ivory Coast. Source reduction refers to any alteration in the planning, manufacture, acquisition, or use of objects or products to lower their levels of toxicity before they become municipal waste. Companies can reduce the toxic nature of their wastes by adding certain chemicals to the wastes to react with the toxic elements, or to pass the wastes through chemical processes that lower their toxicity, e.g. heating under very high temperatures to break down harmful compounds. Some companies have adopted industrial processes that produce very little toxic wastes while some recycle their wastes. References Miller, Jr., and Tyler, G. (2003). Environmental Science: Working With the Earth (9th Ed.). California: Brooks/ Cole. Zoltowski, C. (1998). Superfund Liability: Is it too strict? VA: National Society of Professional Engineers. This essay on The Love Canal Tragedy and Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation was written and submitted by user Kaylyn Martin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Marketing Approaches of Nike and Li-Ning Essays

Marketing Approaches of Nike and Li-Ning Essays Marketing Approaches of Nike and Li-Ning Paper Marketing Approaches of Nike and Li-Ning Paper Introduction  Nike Target Market Mature marketing approaches bring companies considerable fortune, especially in such a competitive market. Therefore, marketing people play an essential role in planning, decision-making, market segmenting, targeting, pricing and positioning. In the following report, it will explore the marketing theory and practice of two products of two famous companies, the world’s largest sports goods company Nike and China’s popular sports brand Li-Ning. This report focuses on Nike’s basketball shoes and Li-Ning’s running shoes. Industry background 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing last month, meanwhile, the Olympic spirit is broadcasting everywhere across the world. Increasingly individuals attend sports activities in order to keep healthy. As a result, the sports product industry has developed rapidly over the last two decades. Besides Nike and Li-Ning, there are many competitors such as Reebok, Adidas, Fila and Converse. These companies are the dominant leaders in the marketplace and lead this industry. The sports goods industry expecially footwear manufacturing, is currently experiencing intensive competition. Nike is one of the industry leaders, â€Å"with a 47% market share, followed by Reebok with a figure at 16%, and Adidas at 6%† (Hays, 2000, P. 31). Li-Ning Company Limited is one of the leading sports brand enterprises in the PRC which is one of the most popular sports brand in the world. â€Å"It has covered more than 90% market share of the world’s largest market- China, almost every thirty seconds Li-Ning running shoes will be sold† (Hays, 2000, P. 35). This category of running shoes is facing decreasing demand because there is the rising popularity of alternative footwear, resulting in more pressure than ever before to achieve high profit through effective global sourcing practices. Company background Nike company Nike, Inc. is the worlds leading sports and fitness company, â€Å"with 2000 sales of $9 billion. † The company has made a strong commitment to sustainability in both word and deed over the past several years. Three core values of the company are â€Å"honesty, competitiveness, and teamwork†. Despite its size, Nike operates with a minimum of hierarchy. As a result, there is a lot of collaboration and consensus decision-making. Commonly held values are imperative in such a matrix organization. (Nike Official, 2008). Nike has a strong ability of Research and Development, its new style is always fashionable in appearance and professional in function, for example, Nike dunks, Jordan shoes, Nike air force one. Nike has been manufacturing around the Asian region for over twenty-five years and there are over 500,000 people today who participate in the production of their products directly. Li-Ning company As described on Li-Ning company’s website (2008), LI-Ning Company Ltd. was founded in Guangdong Province in 1990 by LI-Ning who was a Chinese Olympic gymnast. It is one of the leading sports brand enterprises in the PRC. It has its own branding, research and development, design, manufacturing, distribution and retail capabilities. Li-Nings logo design is based on its own initial letters L and N. The Groups products include sports footwear, apparel and accessories for sport and leisure use which are primarily sold under its own Li-Ning brand (Li-Ning Company, 2008). The products of Li Ning sports goods continue to be more popular in China than those of foreign competitors. Strategic marketing and planning Most marketing organizations operate according to formal plans. Pride, Thiele, Waller, Elliott, Paladino Ferrell, (2007) claim that strategic planning is the process of establishing an organizational mission and formulating goals, corporate strategy, marketing objectives, marketing strategy and a marketing plan. Based on Nike Official (2008), the mission of Nike is to be a company that better than all others in the sports footwear industry. They hope to maintain their position by providing high quality and new fashion comfortable footwear to consumers of all ages and lifestyles. They promise to make their products easily available worldwide through the use of retail outlets and their company web site. Nike’s management believes that their success lies in the hands of our teammates, customers, shareholders and the communities in which they operate. Meanwhile, the vision of Nike is to remain the leader in the industry. They continue to produce quality products that they have provided in the past and meet the ever-changing needs of their customers, through product innovation. In comparison, the primary objective of Li-Ning is to increase its overall market share â€Å"from the current 17% to 20% in 3 years time† and defend its first place in China sportswear market against strong competition (Li-Ning Company). To achieve this goal, Li-Ning has to improve the customers’ brand recognition, rationalize market segments and the mission of Li-Ning is through sports, they â€Å"inspire people’s desire and power to make breakthroughs. † The vision is to be the worlds leading brand in the sports goods industry. Macroenvironmental factors The organization and its suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customers, competitors and publics all operate in a large macroenvironment of forces that shape opportunities and pose threats to the organization†. The macroenvironment consists of six major forces, they are â€Å"demographic forces, economic forces, natural forces, technological forces, political forces, cultural forces† (Kolter, et al, 2006, P. 81). Demographic environment Assessing the demographic environment entails observing and monitoring population trends. The demographic profile includes the size, age, density, location, sex, race, occupation and other statistics of the population (Shank, 1999). The changing age structure of the population is one of the important aspects. Figure 1 shows a diagram in which the ages and sexes for the Chinese population structure. As can be seen from the diagram, there is a large population at the age of 10-50 years old. (U. S. Census Bureau, International Date Base, 2001). The movement of population is also a problem that both of these two companies should consider. Economic environment The economic environment is another uncontrollable factor for sports marketers to consider. â€Å"The purchasing power depends on the income condition and the consumer spending patterns† (Shank, 1999, P. 78). As figure 1. 2 showed that, the world’ s economy has grown rapidly in the past twenty years, as a result, people’s living standard and income have increased as well. However, consumers’ spending patterns are more varied. That means the consumers have different need and tastes. These factors can be a threat to sports shoes companies. Cultural and social trends Cultural and social trends also influence the market of sports products. Nowadays sports and youthfulness are symbolic of many people’s core values. More and more people pay attention to sports activities (figure 1. 3). Sports activity seems to be growing in popularity as a result of the renewed emphasis on family values. As a result of this the market of sports wear becomes larger and larger, at the same time the sale of running shoes is increasing quickly (Li-Ning Company). Microenvironmental factors The micro environment consists of the forces close to the organization that affects its ability to serve its customers- the organization, suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customer markets competitors and various publics. † (Kolter, et al, 2006, P. 78) Suppliers The suppliers are an important link in the organisation’s overall customer ‘value delivery system’, they provide the resources needed by the organsiation to produce its goods and service. Nike and Li-Ning both chose developing countries the biggest supplier market because of the lower cost and huge amount of resources. As a company that wants to earn more profit, Nike reduces its costs as it also has some supplier market in South Africa where there is one of the cheapest labors force in the world. But at the same time Nike also is surrounded by some ethical issues. Competitors Competitor is one of the micro-environment factors need to consider. Davidson, Simon Gottschalk, Hunt, Wood and Griffin (2006) say that an organization that wants to be successful must have 3 distinct characteristics: They are of value to the customer They are better than that of the majority of other competitors They are difficult to imitate or replicate Nike and Li Ning have the same competitors such as Reebok, Adidas, Fila, Converse, and New Balance. All of them are playing an important part in the sports world. Kotler, et al(2006) define marketing intermediaries help company to promote, sell and distribute its products to final buyers. They include resellers, physical distribution firms, marketing service agencies and financial intermediaries. Nike maintains more than 100 countries targeting its primary market regions: United States, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Americas. Furthermore, the public force expecially government policy is another component of microenvironment factors. Some policies are protecting domestic market such as Chinese government has made some policy to encourage Li-Ning which is Chinese brand. SWOT analysis SWOT analysis is a very useful and popular planning tools that product manager use to determine the situation of the product. Pride, Sellit, Rundle-Thiele, Waller, Paladino and Ferrell (2006, p. 34) describe a SWOT analysis can assist with the marketing planning process by addressing issues that need to be considered in the creating of the marketing plan. By recognizing an organization’s strengths and weaknesses, it is possible to match capabilities with external opportunities and threats and develop strategic to assist the organization to compete effectively in the market place. Market segmentation Market segmentation is dividing the while market into direct groups of buyers who might require separate products or marketing mixes, and also it’s the process of analysis is customers into groups depend on their different needs, behavior or characteristics. (Kotler et al. 2006,P231). Geographical segmentation Demographic segmentation Psychographic segmentation Behavioral segmentation The importance of market segmentation results from the fact that the buyers of a product or service are no homogenous group. Actually, every buyer has individual needs, preferences, resources and behaviors. Since it is virtually impossible to cater for every customers individual characteristics, marketers group customers to market segments by variables they have in common. These common characteristics allow developing a standardized marketing mix for all customers in this segment. For basketball shoes the most important factor should be considered is the demographic segmentation. Shilbury, Quick and Westerbeek (2003 P. 66) believe that â€Å"most important demographic determinants being gender, age, religion, income, occupation, level of education, marital status, geography, and stage in the family life cycle†. Although all demographic variables are important, the age and life cycle, gender and income have the greatest impact on sport consumption. Base on the age and life cycle and gender factors Nike divide their basketball shoes into a few different groups such as 15-24 years old children and 24 years old male and female. The main market is the group at age of 15-24. Li-Ning also uses the same way to divide its running shoes market. Income can divide market into a few different groups, Nike focus on the middle and above middle class meanwhile, Li-Ning focus on the middle. Psychographic segmentation dividing a market into groups based on social class, lifestyle or personality characteristic (Kotler, Adam, Brown, Armstrong). Socioeconomic classes have a strong effect on performance in clothing. people’s economic situation will affect product choice, it will have a strong influence on people consider buying an expensive new basketball shoes or running shoes or buy cheaper one or do not buy it. Because of this Nike and Li Ning usually set up their shop in big city or some rich town. Behavioral segmentation dividing a market into groups based on consumers’ knowledge of, attitude towards, uses for and responses to a product. In order to creative high loyalty both Nike and Li-Ning set some VIP card for their high loyalty consumers that offer some special discount and service. Target markets Trying to sell to everyone can be wasteful, as not everyone would demand. Targeting offers the possibility of reducing waste and maximizing market response. â€Å"Target market is a specific group of customers on whom an organization focuses its marketing efforts† (Pride, Thiele, Waller, Elliott, Paladino, Ferrell, 2007). The selection of the appropriate target market follows the process of segmentation. Because of its main target market is young people, Nikes primary starting point for expanding the market will select the youth. Also the consumers on the market have personality characteristics such as love sports, strong sense of revered hero and sports stars, lively thinking and imagination. Meanwhile, Li-Ning concentrates on its domestic market which proves efficiently. Because China has the largest population across the world different nations have different tastes. Moreover, Li-Ning is China’s own brand that protect by Chinese government and consumers. Targeting Strategy A number of strategies can help guide a manager’s choice of target markets. â€Å"Three of the more common of these are mass-market, niche-market, and growth-market strategies†(Walker, Boyd, 1999, P187). The marketing organization can adopt one of three market-coverage strategies: â€Å"undifferentiated marketing differentiated marketing or concentrated marketing† (Keith, 2000, PP398-399). Both Nike and Li-Ning use differentiated marketing strategy, because basketball shoes and running shoes can vary in design, both of these two products are in the mature stage f product life cycle, for basketball shoes and running shoes market their customers’ needs are different. These factors above are all suitable for they to use differentiated marketing strategy, but at the same time their main competitors also use the same strategy that will bring some challenges for Nike and Li Ning. Positioning Strategy Marketers can follow several positioning strategies. They can position their product on specific product attributes, usage occasions as well or the need they fill or the benefits they offer. â€Å"A product can also be positioned directly against a competitor. Finally, the product can be positioned for different product classes†(Kotler, et al. 2006,P234). There are a few way of positioning, in the book principles of marketing Kotler, et al. (2006, p234) write that â€Å"Company can position products on specific product attributes, products can be positioned on the needs they fill or the benefits they offer, products can be positioned on the certain classes of users, a product can also be positioned directly against a competitor, finally the product can be positioned for different product class†. Choosing and implementing a positioning should identify a positional direction. â€Å"The positioning task consists of three steps: identifying a set of possible competitive advantages on which to build a position; selecting the right competitive advantages; and effectively communicating and delivering the chosen position to the market† (Kolter, et al. 2006, P235) Compare with other basketball companies Nike’s competitive advantage is the high brand reputation, good design and advanced technology. So Nike’s positioning strategy mixed by all these strategies has been outlined above and it is dominated by the strategy position the product for certain classes of users and specific product attributes. Li-Ning’s competitive advantage is the cheaper price and good quality, it also use all of the five strategies, but it is dominated by the approach of positioned on the benefits they offer. Conclusion In conclusion, for Nike and Li Ning to gain a successful market in the sportswear world is not so simple. There are so many factors they should consider, such as the macroenvironmental and microenvironmental forces. It is a good choice to work out a wonderful SWOT analysis in order to assist in building a smart strategic marketing and planning. Identify the market segments and then chose the right target market, then implement suitable targeting and positioning strategy are also the essential steps for Nike and Li Ning. Recommendations Nike and Li-Ning have already done some good efforts of these a few aspects, but for long time successful there are more they need to do. From this report it is easy to find there are still some drawbacks in Nike and Li-Ning. Nike as a ‘big brother’ in the sports good market also face some ethic issues that may deduct the reputation of its brand, such as the issue of using cheaper labor force. In the sensitive circumstance in nowadays Nike should try to avoid this debate issue. Nike also should abroad its target market to achieve more market share. Li-Ning as a leader of Chinese sports goods company, it also need to explore more new products to gain a bigger market scale and develop new technology in order to catch up with the fast development of the world. References Blois, K. , (2000), The Oxford textbook of marketing, New York:Oxford University Press Davidson, P. , Simon, A. , Gottdchalk, L. , Hunt, J. , Wood, G. Griffin, R. W. (2006), Management: Core concepts and skills. (Australian ed). Australia: Wiley Hays, S. , (2000), The story of Nike, Minnesota: Smart Apple Media Kotler, P. Adam,S. Brown, L. Armstrong, G. (2006). Principles of marketing. Australia: Pearson Education Australia. Li-Ning Company. (2008). Retrieved from: lining. com. Accessed: 16th Mar. , 2008 Nike Official. (2008). Retrieved from: nike. com. tw/g1/tw/. Accessed: 1st Aug, 2008 National Bureau of Statistics of China. (2008) Retrieved from: stats. gov. cn/. Accessed: June, 2008 Pride, W. , Thiele, S. R. , Waller, D. , Elliott, G. , Paladino, A. , Ferrell, O. , (2007), Marketing (Asia-Pacific ed), Brisbane: Wiley Shank, M. D. , (1999), Sports marketing: A Strategic Perspective, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Shilbury, D. , Quick, S. , Westerbeek, H. (2003), Strategic sport marketing(2nd ed). NSW Australia: Allen And Unwin Walker, C. O. Boyd, W. H. (1999). Marketing Strategy: Planning and implementation. (3rd ed). United States: McGraw Hill

Bumblebees, Genus Bombus

Bumblebees, Genus Bombus Bumblebees are familiar insects in our gardens and backyards. Still, you might be surprised by how much you dont know about these important pollinators. The genus name, Bombus, comes from the Latin for booming. Description Most people recognize the large, furry bees that visit backyard flowers as bumblebees. Fewer probably know that they are social bees, with a caste system of the queen, workers, and reproductives cooperating to meet the needs of the colony. Bumblebees range in size from about half an inch to a full inch in length. Patterns in their bands of yellow and black, along with the occasional red or orange, help indicate their species. However, bumblebees of the same species can vary quite a bit. Entomologists rely on other features, such as genitalia, to confirm a bumblebees identity. Cuckoo bumblebees, genus Psithyrus, resemble other bumblebees but lack the ability to gather pollen. Instead, these parasites invade Bombus nests and kill the queen. The Psithyrus bees then lay their eggs in the collected pollen in the conquered nest. This group is sometimes included as a subgenus of Bombus. Classification Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass - InsectaOrder - HymenopteraFamily - ApidaeGenus - Bombus Diet Bumblebees feed on pollen and nectar. These efficient pollinators forage on both wildflowers and crops. Adult females use modified hind legs equipped with corbicula to carry pollen to their offspring. Nectar is stored in the honey stomach, or crop, in the digestive system. Larvae receive meals of regurgitated nectar and pollen until they pupate. Life Cycle Like other bees, bumblebees undergo a complete metamorphosis with four stages to the life cycle: Egg – The queen lays eggs in a pollen clump. Then she or a worker bee incubates the eggs for four days.Larva – The larvae feed on pollen stores, or on regurgitated nectar and pollen provided by the worker bees. In 10-14 days, they pupate.Pupa – For two weeks, the pupae remain inside their silk cocoons. The queen incubates the pupae as she did her eggs.Adult – Adults assume their roles as workers, male reproductives, or new queens. Special Adaptations and Defenses Before flying, a bumblebees flight muscles must be warmed to around 86 Â °F. Since most bumblebees live in climates where cool temperatures may occur, they cannot rely on the ambient warmth of the sun to achieve this. Instead, bumblebees shiver, vibrating the flight muscles at a high speed but keeping the wings still. The familiar buzz of the bumblebee comes not from the wings themselves, but from these vibrating muscles. The bumblebee queen must also generate heat when she incubates her eggs. She shivers muscles in the thorax, then transfers the heat to her abdomen by contracting muscles down her body. The warmed abdomen stays in contact with the developing young as she sits on her nest. Female bumblebees come equipped with stingers and will defend themselves if threatened. Unlike their cousins the honey bees, bumblebees can sting and live to tell about it. The bumblebees sting lacks barbs, so she can easily retrieve it from the flesh of her victim and attack again if she chooses. Habitat Good bumblebee habitat supplies adequate flowers for foraging, especially early in the season when the queen emerges and prepares her nest. Meadows, fields, parks, and gardens all provide food and shelter for bumblebees. Range Members of the genus Bombus live mostly in temperate areas of the globe. Range maps show Bombus spp. throughout North and South America, Europe, Asia, and the Arctic. Some introduced species are also found in Australia and New Zealand. Sources Bumble bees - The Great Sunflower Project (article no longer available online)Bombus BiologyBumblebees: Their Behavior and Ecology, by Dave Goulson

Human security in the UAE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human security in the UAE - Essay Example The United Arab Emirates, a fast growing region economically, has been designated as a prospective target for extremists and several human security issues. Assessment and situations in the United Arab Emirates have made Western governments come to the conclusion that the region is a probable target for extremists. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office of Britain warns of the hazards of travel to the region based on its location in the Persian Gulf. It is central, the nearing the antagonisms of the Iraq war and regional anti-Western opinions. Apart from Britain, other Western nations have issued the same security warnings (Vallet, 2014). Various factors contribute to the rising human insecurity issue in the United Arab Emirates region. According to a novel report on global threats, growing extremism in the neighborhood, food insecurity, climate change, regional tension, and unemployment rates present security issues in the UAE. Additionally, the developments in the political arena in the UAE region in past years have also led to increased human insecurity. A publication by Control States, a security consultancy firm, has indicated various concerns. It reports that the increasing extremism in Yemen and the increase of al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) pose a security threat. Additionally, food insecurity in the Arabian countries, struggle over the nuclear program in Iran, and the pulls in Iraq contribute to the poor human security in the UAE (Vallet, 2014). The upsurge of Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) poses a threat of radicalization among visitors coming into the UAE region. Immigrants coming to the UAE from Africa and passing through Yemen have high chances of being radicalized. Yemen stands as an open door to the UAE region and thus very many people travel to the UAE through the region. The security issues posed by the porous border spurred the

Quality of corporate governance within an organization (Shell Company) Essay

Quality of corporate governance within an organization (Shell Company) and the impact on organizations key stakeholder - Essay Example For a company to remain competitive it must practice good and quality governance principles so as be innovative and be able to adapt in order to meet new demands from its customers and grasp new opportunities that may arise in the market. Corporate behavior is known to influence behavior of shareholder who is owner of equity in the company. Use of quality corporate governance principles by the Shell Company management was studied and the effects of applying quality governance principles studied to determine whether they have any effect on its shareholders. Table of contents Abstract 3 Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2Objective of study 5 1.3 Overall research objective 5 1.4 Research hypothesis 5 CHAPTER 2 2.1 Literature review 5 2.2 Importance of quality corporate governance in an organization†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 2.3 Role of stakeholders in corporate governance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 2.4 Principles of good corporate governance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 2.5 Corporate social responsibility (CSR)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 CHAPTER 3 3.0 Research methodology 13 3.1 Evaluating level of corporate governance in the shell company†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 3.2Analyzing the stakeholder†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 3.4Process of carrying out stakeholder-based approach†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..15 3.5 Accounting techniques / business techniques used†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.16 CHAPTER 4 4.0 Findings /results 15 4.1 Code of Ethics and ethical behavior†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16 ... Its aim is to help to meet the worlds growing energy needs in an economically, socially and environmentally viable ways now and in future in a sustainable manner. This is will be achieved by working closely with its customers, partners and policies makers so as to advance in a more efficient and sustainable use of energy and natural resources. Its objective is to engage efficiently, responsibly and in a profitable manner in oil, oil products, gas, chemicals and in other businesses and also to participate in the search for other sources of energy and development so as to meet the evolving customer needs and the world’s growing demand for energy. Shell Company believes that oil and gas will be an integral part of global energy needs for economic development in decades to come and therefore has a role in ensuring that they extract and deliver their products profitably and in environmentally and socially responsible Objective of study Overall research objective The research object ive is to find out the effect of good quality corporate governance and its impact in organization (Shell Company) stakeholders. Research hypothesis Good and quality corporate governance is vital in management of an organization and has a significant effect on the stakeholders of the shell company CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW Generally corporate governance can be described as the relationships that exist between organization management, the board of directors, shareholders and other stakeholders that are involved in with the organization. Corporate governance provides a structure of framework through which objectives of the company are set. For a company to achieve

The Twin Track Approach In Sports Physical Education Essay

The Twin Track Approach In Sports Physical Education Essay With the profile of sport in England so high, and in light of the successful Olympic bid for 2012, the opportunity for participation in sport in this country has risen dramatically. The government recognises this opportunity and has always tried to link its self to sporting success, to help promote patriotism, social values and education. The game plan is a strategy for delivering the governments sport and physical activity objects. With the government setting an ambitious task of: increasing sport and physical activity. With the target of achieving 70% of the population participating in 30 minutes of moderate exercise, five times per week. (Sport development.info Oct 2009) The twin track approach in this country is designed to increase the number of people participating in sport on a regular basis. The assumption being that more people participating means the need for more modern facilities, with better coaches which will lead to more medals at elite levels and the country hosting more mega events. This report will show how the national governing body of gymnastics is tackling the challenge that the government has set them at grass-roots and elite levels of performance, as well as hosting mega events. British gymnastics British gymnastics is the UK governing body for gymnastics it is dedicated to developing levels and quality across a range of discipline. British gymnastics is a non profit organisation. Hundreds of thousands of young gymnasts enjoy the sport in school, recreational sessions at leisure centres and at British gymnastic registered clubs that complete the path way from beginner to Olympian. British gymnastics works along side, English gymnastics, sport England, sport UK, lottery funded and many more. (British gymnastics Oct 2009) Grass roots Gymnastics is a foundation sport, this is because it develops, speed, co-ordination, balance and agility. These physical qualities are inherent in most sports, for this reason all British children would benefit from this and most do in their first eight years. Participating in gymnastics from an early age, will acquire physical literacy, which is the foundation for a lifelong participation in physical activity and for a successful performance at elite level of sport. (Gymnastics England Oct 2009) National school games The new key stage 1 and 2 competitions, incorporates body management, floor and vault exercises to develop a young persons core skills. This not only strengthens the first tier of the gymnastics pathways but also: encourages partnerships to engage in gymnastics, strengthens school club links, encourages talent identification, standardises competition in schools, encourages an appropriate competitive environment is set, ensures an increase in the number of children accessing gymnastic competitions, provides a foundation for other sports, nurtures each young persons confidence to continue with an active life style. England gymnastics is working towards creating a single structure for gymnastic competitions in schools. England gymnastics have created an accessible standardised local gymnastic competition for beginners. The programme aims to provide safe enjoyment that will improve learning and lead to a lifelong participation in physical activity. (England gymnastics Nov 2009) The UK school games The UK school games is used to bring a change in the content, structure and presentation of competitive sporting opportunities for young people whilst promoting the work underway in each home nation to improve sport and physical education. The show case opportunity provided by this event offers opportunity to promote and secure change within existing competitive structures. It is used to involve more young people in volunteering in sport, create first class child protection and for identifying young sporting talent. Gymnasts competing in the games have developed through the talent development programmes and will hope to go on to represent their country at international level. The British gymnastics association is working with the schools association to implement national school completion framework to establish development pathways. (Gymnastics England Oct 2009) Schools that register with the British Gymnastic Association (BGA) are allowed to register their details and record levels and nature of participation in gymnastics in a school setting. Registration is free and schools receive the following benefits, e-news featuring profiles of gymnasts, expert ideas for warm ups, competition and judging advice, case studies, and success stories from other schools. Information about: professional development. Free preview resources. Access to: British gymnastics recourses. (British gymnastics Oct 2009) Government announces grassroots grants 2008 Grass root grants aim to make a real difference by working with small local community groups, with an annual income below  £20,000 this could be for new kit, coaching new volunteers, or simply just a lick of paint in the sports hall. Local regional and national businesses are invited through investing in the schemes innovative endowment match challenge, the first of its kind in England. The government has set aside a pot of  £50 million from which it will match endowment investments from businesses, this offers businesses the chance to support and contribute in the communities they operate. (British gymnastics Oct 2009) A commitment to sport The present government has been committed to the development of sport in school since 2000. The launch of the strategy a sporting future for all in 2000 included the following provision, funding for primary schools to provide facilities for pupils and the wider community, the establishment by 2003 of 110 specialist sports colleges, the appointment of 600 sports school co-ordinators and the development of more after school sport provision. Further allocations in funding in 2002 were followed in 2004 by an announcement that a further  £500 million was to invest in school sport for, the completion of the network 400 sports colleges, improving the quality of coaching provision, improving links between schools and sports clubs and training and developing PE/sports teachers skills. (Teaching experience Oct 2009) Development British gymnastics provides British gymnastics registered clubs with information to support their development. It identifies key areas that can help strengthen the club structure and philosophy programmes that can ensure the best environment is available for the gymnasts. (British gymnastics Nov 2009) Gym mark The introduction of sport Englands club mark has encouraged British gymnastics to adopt its own criteria to enable gymnastics clubs to work towards nationally recognised accreditation. Gym mark is British gymnastics club accreditation scheme that recognises a quality club. Gym mark addresses issues such as equality and child protection, which gives confidence to parents choosing a club for their children. Gym mark provides an excellent template for continuing club development, especially its junior structure. Gym mark also gives help and advice in developing skills for everyone including coaches, officials and volunteers. Clubs will be listed with relevant sports directory which will help attract new members and raise clubs profile. (British gymnastics Oct 2009) Coaching British gymnastics has a coach education programme in place to ensure enough fully qualified coaches provide the highest quality of coaching at all levels from grass roots to elite gymnasts to realise their full potential. British gymnastics is approved by the qualification and curriculum authority (QCA) as an awarding body for official gymnastic qualifications in the UK. (British gymnastics Oct 2009) English gymnastics has just been awarded a three year grant of  £2.14 million from Sport England to provide high quality coaches in its clubs throughout England. Clubs and other regional associations have come together and raised  £1.8 million to match the funding and maximise the benefits of the programme. (English gymnastics Nov 2009) Surveys Between March and May this year 45 funded sports including gymnastics were surveyed to measure levels of satisfaction in the individual sport. Over the next four years Sport England will be working with these sports to help improve quality of sporting provision to people in England. (Sport England Oct 2009) Gymnastics and movement for people with disabilities Gymnastics for people with disabilities is an adaptation of main stream gymnastics covering all aspects and can be recreational or lead to competitive opportunities; British gymnastics have been developing a programme for disabled gymnasts starting with motor skills for those with more severe mobility problems, and leading on to a foundation programme for the more able gymnasts. The disability groups can be split into four major areas; learning, physical, hearing and visual impairment. Currently a motor activity programme is being developed which will provide a frame work through which even the most profoundly disabled gymnasts can participate. A competitive programme has been established in artistic, tramp lining, rhythmic, acrobatic and aerobic gymnastics. (English gymnastics Nov 2009) Mega events With the government saying that hosting mega events, will heighten the profile of the sport, which in turn will increase participation, which will lead to better athletes and more medals. Britain has already got the 2012 Olympics, but in October 2009 the artistic world gymnastics championships were held in London for the first time, the championships brought together elite gymnasts from China, France, Korea, Croatia, Japan, USA, Romania, Poland, Spain, Germany, Ukraine, Great Britain, and many more counties, (world gymnastics 2009) The event was a great success for team GB as Beth Tweddle just four days after falling from her favoured uneven bars, won gold on the floor, having become Britains first ever world champion in 2006 on the un even bars Tweddle, became only the 5th woman in history to claim world titles in both events. Beth said I had to prove to myself that I was one of the best on the floor, it is the best feeling in the world. (Daily mail web site 2009) Winning medals Olympic and paralympic sport has come a long way in recent times, it typically takes athletes around eight years to reach their peak once their talent has been identified and nurtured, this involves lots of support from coaches, doctors to bio-chemists. Nothing is left to chance from the food they eat to the kit and apparatus they use. UK sport is dedicated to the delivery of medal success at the worlds biggest events, mainly the Olympic and paralympic games. They are set to invest  £10 million in the next four years in gymnastics to help gymnasts get the best coaching, kit and equipment available. (UK sport) Plans for success After winning 5 medals at the European artistic championships, British gymnastics plans to step up things for success at London 2012, by further developing sport, science and medical services within their elite programme. Louise Fawcett will join the English Institute of sport as head of sport, science and medicine for British gymnastics, co-ordinating support services for the world class funded Olympic performance programme. Fawcett says having worked with high performance sport for many years, having the opportunities to co-ordinate support services for such an exciting Olympic sport is a great challenge. (British gymnastics Nov 2009) Summary With the 2012 Olympics round the corner, and the success of the world artistic championships, the profile of gymnastics in England will never have been so high, thousands of young gymnasts at their local clubs will be hoping that they can go on and become the next Beth Tweddle or Daniel Keating. Schools are doing there up most to ensure that everyone takes part both on a recreational and elite level. Now British gymnastics has introduced its disabled classes it means that everyone can take part. British gymnastics working alongside English gymnastics and sport England means the future of our counties gymnasts is very bright, and with the  £10 million pound being invested in our gymnasts of the next four years the chance of more medal success has never been so great.

Art history

Romanticism began in Germany and England in the early 19th century and spread throughout Europe by the 1820. The Romantic Movement was caused by the sudden social changes that occurred during the French Revolution as a revolt against Neo- classicism and its emphasis on order, harmony and balance. (Britannica Online Encyclopedia) The movement began as an artistic movement that rejected the traditional values of social structure and religion and encouraged individualism. Romantic artists valued imagination over reason and beauty.They loved nature and ere dedicated to examining personality and moods. Their paintings represented celebration of the heroic struggle of common people. Some of the well-known Romantic artists are John Constable, Thomas Cole, Francisco De Soya and Henry Fusels. (The Art World, n. D. ) Some of the characteristics of paintings of this period are their focus on heroic subjects, use of intense colors, loose brush strokes and dense texture of the painting. With the Industrial Revolution came new technology and machine power that changed the social condition.People had to move away from mom to crowded cities to find Jobs and work long hours. Romantic artists painted to get away from the cruel struggle of common people and for yearning for idealized rural pastoral life. AY. Realest: (1850- 1880) The Realist artists in France revolted against romantic ideals of distorted beauty and imagination. Realists believed in objective reality, seeking to represent the truth and accuracy of ordinary world. They wanted to show the natural truth of their subject and chose from everyday life around them, often painting images of the poor working class and displaying human misery and poverty.Paintings of realism often carried a moral or social message portraying the drudgery of everyday life. Some of the artists who represent realism period are Gustavo Courier, Jean-Francis Millet, Eduardo Meant (The Art World, n. D. ) and also American artists who studied in F rance, Thomas Skins and Henry Tanner and characterized by accurate portrayal of ordinary working people without personal bias or interpretation. Social condition that contributed to this art movement was France Revolution that began during the 1848 and lasted until 1880 which was a consequence of the industrial revolution.With the implementation of machine power, factory owners grew wealthy while the common workers labored long hours for low pay. Anger and resentment fueled strikes and revolts. AY. Analysis During the middle of the sass, Romanticism began to show signs of being extreme partly because of the fact that most art works were becoming increasingly opulent. Art lovers and enthusiasts who were accustomed to this form of art began to find it rather dull. Therefore, there was a need to introduce another form of art that was different from romanticism. People wanted to see the world in realistic point of view. Gnocchi, n. . ) This is how Realism was introduced. European nation s were engaged in wars, for example Russia had dominated Poland. People who had been crushed had a need to express a sense of patriotism and devotion to their traditions. Artists used their paintings to express the importance of their own culture. Revolution was also an element in paintings of the romantic era, but Realism focuses on practical subjects. AAA. Similarities or Differences Both movements were reactions to social conditions resulted by the industrial revolution.The industrial revolution caused the building of large factories and the wieners got wealthy while the lower working classes labored long hours for low pay. Workers' attempts to fight for better pay were often suppressed. Anger and resentment at capitalism often resulted in strikes and revolts. Romanticism and realism were two competing styles of artistic and practice. Romanticism emphasized heroic achievement and the power of the emotions whereas realism focused on individuals, work and social Justice portraying the actual living conditions of common working people, and often used gloomy color in their paintings.Romantic painting is nearly characterized by an imaginative and a dreamlike quality and strives to express feeling intense, mystical, or elusive. Realism, on the other hand, is an attempt to accurately describe human behavior and objects precisely as in real life. Babe. Explanation By deviating from earlier tradition of idealizing situation of Romantic artists' imagined beauty, the realists were attempting to capture the actual experience and struggle of common people in hope that it would spur social and economic reform. Babe. Reference to Work of Art John Constable and Jean Millet represent the difference in these two art periods.John Constable was an English painter who painted his landscape in the romantic style. â€Å"The Hay Win† is a countryside scene with romantic and dreamy features like streams and county cottages. He used luminous colors and bold thick brushwork an d focused on the qualities of light and sky rather than details of a scene. (The National Gallery, n. D. ) Jean- Franà §ois Millet was a French painter who focused on realistic things of everyday life and painted ordinary working people. In his painting â€Å"The Gleaners†, Millet displays the hard working peasants removing the last bits of the rain from a wheat field.He used dark, muted colors instead of luminous colors like Constable. There is no fanciful imagination, Just a painting of everyday life. Babe. Relation of Later Work to Earlier Work Again, the realist artists used their work to portray the actual living conditions of common people in contrast to romantic view of earlier works. John Constable's cottage scene with a tranquil stream represented the yearning nostalgia for idealized pastoral life of the lowly desperate fame's who must glean every last grains of wheat in Millet's painting. AC. Art History In not more than 300 words, write a descriptive account of Harmen Steenwyck's: Still Life: An Allegory of the Vanities of Human Life ( Illustration Book, Colour Plate 10), paying particular attention to the organisation and lighting of the composition and to the effects of tone and colour. Harmen Steenwyck illustrates an eclectic mix of objects in this fine oil painting. The objects are placed close to the picture plane, as within reach of the spectator, drawing the eye from left to right as the clustered objects increase in height. This suggests that this is the way that Steenwyck wanted the spectator to view them. His skilful use of light draws us to the principal object, the illuminated skull, bringing out the richness of its golden colour whilst depriving the hollows of the eyes to add depth. Many of the objects have spherical parts to them that again are highlighted through the use of light. Steenwyck manipulates light and shade through gradual transition to form the illusion of their roundness. Not only do these contrasts produce a striking illustrative effect but they also help to define the objects from one another. The fine brushwork picks up the finest detail, such as the leaves of the well thumbed books, the dial on the watch and the fraying rope on the urn. Harmen has organised the majority of his objects to the right side of the piece leaving the left feeling rather vacant, with our attention drawn to the pearlescent shell that stands almost solitary. The painting depicts objects of grandeur, inducing the idea of wealth and travelling through such choice objects as the Japanese sword, Grecian style urn and the shell, those these are overshadowed by the objects with the most emotional quality, the skull and the waning lamp symbolising death and the frailty of life. The skull seems out of place sharing a table with such other splendid objects, leaving the spectator questioning the choices Steenwyck has made, perhaps these symbols of death serve as a warning to those who seek happiness in the â€Å"Vanities of Human Life†. TMA 02 Part 2 Literature Read also History Quizzes Read John Keat's Sonnet, â€Å"When I have fears that I may cease to be† ( resource book 1, A39). In not more than 300 words, write an analysis of the sonnet basing your response on the questions below. 1. Comment on the use of repetition. (e.g. â€Å"when†, â€Å"before†, â€Å"never†.) 2. What is the relationship between the octave and the sestet? 3. What part do the different rhymes, including the final couplet, play in conveying the meaning of the sonnet? Keats begins by setting the tone for the sonnet, â€Å"When I have fears†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , indicating the major theme that is to run throughout. In the first two quatrains he writes about the fear of dying young, fearing he will not have the time he needs to fulfil himself as a writer and the third quatrain fearing that he will lose his beloved. Farming metaphors, â€Å"rich garners the full-ripen'd grain†, emphasize how he sees his imagination and creativity, like a fertile field waiting to be sown, with the alliteration in garners and grain highlighting this further. Keat's emotive language draws attention to his love poetry, â€Å"before my pen has gleaned my teaming brain†, believing the world to be full of material he can create countless poetry from, devoting more lines to his love of verse than his beloved. Enchanting imagery illustrates his philosophy on love, â€Å"faery power† a mystical and supernatural force that he has no control over. Alongside this immense fear of death, is the concern with time, the repetition of â€Å"When I† beginning both quatrains of the octave and introducing the sestet, stresses Keats preoccupation with time and the fear of it consuming him. This sense of time running out is emphasized through the enjambment in the third quatrain; the final line runs into the closing couplet, urging the reader on. The rhyming scheme, abab cdcd gg, helps to intensify the poems train of thought and has great effect in the closing couplet as Keats resolves his fears by declaring the triviality of love and fame, â€Å"love and fame to nothingness do sink.† The octave and the sestet share the continuity of rhyme, and underlying theme of death, though there is a clear change in the range of emotions as the sonnet develops. The octave concentrates on the emotions of confusion and fear whilst the sestet focuses on the fear of loving and being loved until reaching a feeling of acceptance over his fears. TMA 02 Part 3 Music For this part of the TMA you will need to listen to Track 10 on the TMA CD. You will hear the â€Å"First Tableau: The Shrovetide Fair† from Petrushka by Stravinsky. Listen to the track a few times and then answer the question below in up to 300 words on continuous prose. How does Stravinsky combine the elements of music, introduced to you in Unit 3, to establish the atmosphere of the fair? Stravinsky begins the piece with a high-pitched flourish of woodwind instruments, such as the flute and clarinet and is then accompanied by the strings which increase in volume to meet with a fanfare of trumpets, it sounds like the fair is opening. Rhythm plays a key role throughout the entirety of the piece, fluctuating sounds are created as the fluttering of the woodwind section meet with the loud sharp sounds of the strings. Stravinsky manipulates this rapidly changing rhythm to establish the excitement and commotion of the fair. The choice of instruments, and concentration on certain sections of the orchestra in particular parts adds colour to the piece, perhaps representative of the colours and vibrant images of the fair. In the same way, the fullness of the orchestra may relate to the busy crowds at the fair and at the same time sounds very grand. Full use is made of the orchestra, to create great noise and effect, where the strings are concentrated on, the music is very grand and striking; whereas the effect the woodwind has on the piece is fleeting and soft. The gradual change in tempo is marked by drum rolls which introduces adagio and accelerando, the timbre of the drum is loud and echoes briefly creating the feeling of suspense at the fair. Each movement brings its own highlight, from the strong trumpet blasts to the precise beats of the triangle, which accompanies the softer woodwind section at the end of the piece. The atmosphere of the fair is lively and upbeat as Stravinsky ends his â€Å"First Tableau†, he employs a melody of sounds that are reminiscent of Russian dance and manages to shift effortlessly from establishing excitement, commotion and suspense throughout the piece to this buoyant finale. TMA02 Part 4 Philosophy Answer these questions in not more than 300 words in total. 1. Here are some claims. If possible, give a sound argument for each claim. Where this is not possible, give a valid argument anyway. Do indicate those cases where you believe your argument is sound. A.) The Queen is a mother B.) The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain C.) The earth is flat. D.) Eating people is wrong. E.) Oranges are not the only fruit. All women who give birth are mothers. The Queen has given birth. The Queen is a mother. Rain clouds can only form over plains. It rains in Spain. The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain. People cannot walk any other surface than horizontal. People walk the earth. The earth is flat. Eating people is illegal. If something is illegal, it is wrong. Eating people is wrong. Every morning I eat fruit. I never eat oranges. Oranges are not the only fruit. Arguments A and E are both sound arguments, as the premises for both are al true, and it follows that if the premises to an argument are true then the conclusion must be true. Arguments B and C fail at being sound arguments as the information used can be disproved. Argument D is not sound, as in some countries and within some cultures cannibalism is legal. 2. Give an example of an inductive argument, and explain why it is not deductive. I've owned lots of cars. All the cars I've owned have had four wheels. All cars have four wheels. This argument cannot be deductive because it is based purely on assumption. I'm assuming that all cars have four wheels because I've only owned cars with four wheels; however the volume of cars I've owned is minute in comparison to the variety of models and makes. Therefore, I cannot presuppose that every car follows the same rule. Art History Compare and Contrast Essay Ancient Egyptian and Ancient Aegean art are both great influences to what we call art today. Egyptian art emphasized engravings, sculptures and paintings while Aegean art emphasized sculptures, paintings and decorations. One piece I chose to compare and contrast from the Egyptian art was Sekhmet. Another piece I chose to compare and contrast from the Aegean art period is the Snake Goddess. These two beautiful artworks are alike and similar in many ways.The Snake Goddess and Sekhmet are alike because they are both sculptures that show signs of power. The Snake Goddess is a sign of power because she has a form-fitting outfit that exposed her breasts and a flounced skirt with many layers that covered her feet. She is holding two snakes tightly in each arm. Some researchers claimed that Minoans worshipped the Snake Goddess as â€Å"Mother Goddess†. In Aegean culture they believed snakes were good and that they showed a sign of water.This also indicated f ertility, health and wealth. She also had a panther on top of her head, which shows that she is in touch with nature and that was a sign of power as well. Not only is she in touch with nature but her elaborate headdress and extravagant outfit shows wealth. Sekhmet also shows many signs of power. Her name is derived from the Egyptian word â€Å"Sekhem† (which means â€Å"power† or â€Å"might†) and is often translated as the â€Å"Powerful One† This ancient Egyptian goddess Sekhmet is known as the Eye of Ra.She is the power that protects the good and gets rid of the wicked. Sekhmet is the wrathful form of Hathor who is the Goddess of joy, music, dance, sexual love, pregnancy and birth. She is also Goddess of the sun and one of her powers is intense blinding heat. Her weapons were arrows, which were supposed to pierce hearts. Also Sekhmet would get a fiery glow from her body when she got upset and hot desert winds came from her breath. She was also a goddes s of healing. When people became ill, she was capable of healing them with her powers.The Snake Goddess and Sekhmet are also very different in many ways. One way they are different is the rolls of women in their time period. Egyptians and Aegean people both believed that women held power but they weren’t similar. For example in Aegean time women were a powerful symbol of fertility and having a connection with the earth and animals easily fits in with what they worshipped. On the other hand, Sekhmet showed a different view on women. The woman's body that was Sekhmet carried was for birth and new life.The head of the lioness that was Sekhmet showed a sign of destruction, danger and death and reflected the steady and piercing gaze of the hunter that she is. Sekhmet also represents the presence of good and evil, creation and destruction and the ability and willingness to nurture and protect life, and the ability to take it away in a blink of an eye. Not only are their rolls in so ciety different but how the pieces of arts were worshipped also contrasted. The Snake Goddess was used to show rebirth, resurrection or renewal of life.They believed this because the snake was a sign of power and symbolized the purification by water in the funeral cult, so the snake became a protector of the pharaohs in their death. On the other hand, Sekhmet was worshipped Sekhmet was worshiped throughout Egypt, particularly wherever a wadi opened out at the desert edges. This is the type of terrain that lions are often found. Many of them came to the desert to be able to drink and to prey upon cattle in that area. Art History Compare and Contrast Essay Ancient Egyptian and Ancient Aegean art are both great influences to what we call art today. Egyptian art emphasized engravings, sculptures and paintings while Aegean art emphasized sculptures, paintings and decorations. One piece I chose to compare and contrast from the Egyptian art was Sekhmet. Another piece I chose to compare and contrast from the Aegean art period is the Snake Goddess. These two beautiful artworks are alike and similar in many ways.The Snake Goddess and Sekhmet are alike because they are both sculptures that show signs of power. The Snake Goddess is a sign of power because she has a form-fitting outfit that exposed her breasts and a flounced skirt with many layers that covered her feet. She is holding two snakes tightly in each arm. Some researchers claimed that Minoans worshipped the Snake Goddess as â€Å"Mother Goddess†. In Aegean culture they believed snakes were good and that they showed a sign of water.This also indicated f ertility, health and wealth. She also had a panther on top of her head, which shows that she is in touch with nature and that was a sign of power as well. Not only is she in touch with nature but her elaborate headdress and extravagant outfit shows wealth. Sekhmet also shows many signs of power. Her name is derived from the Egyptian word â€Å"Sekhem† (which means â€Å"power† or â€Å"might†) and is often translated as the â€Å"Powerful One† This ancient Egyptian goddess Sekhmet is known as the Eye of Ra.She is the power that protects the good and gets rid of the wicked. Sekhmet is the wrathful form of Hathor who is the Goddess of joy, music, dance, sexual love, pregnancy and birth. She is also Goddess of the sun and one of her powers is intense blinding heat. Her weapons were arrows, which were supposed to pierce hearts. Also Sekhmet would get a fiery glow from her body when she got upset and hot desert winds came from her breath. She was also a goddes s of healing. When people became ill, she was capable of healing them with her powers.The Snake Goddess and Sekhmet are also very different in many ways. One way they are different is the rolls of women in their time period. Egyptians and Aegean people both believed that women held power but they weren’t similar. For example in Aegean time women were a powerful symbol of fertility and having a connection with the earth and animals easily fits in with what they worshipped. On the other hand, Sekhmet showed a different view on women. The woman's body that was Sekhmet carried was for birth and new life.The head of the lioness that was Sekhmet showed a sign of destruction, danger and death and reflected the steady and piercing gaze of the hunter that she is. Sekhmet also represents the presence of good and evil, creation and destruction and the ability and willingness to nurture and protect life, and the ability to take it away in a blink of an eye. Not only are their rolls in so ciety different but how the pieces of arts were worshipped also contrasted. The Snake Goddess was used to show rebirth, resurrection or renewal of life.They believed this because the snake was a sign of power and symbolized the purification by water in the funeral cult, so the snake became a protector of the pharaohs in their death. On the other hand, Sekhmet was worshipped Sekhmet was worshiped throughout Egypt, particularly wherever a wadi opened out at the desert edges. This is the type of terrain that lions are often found. Many of them came to the desert to be able to drink and to prey upon cattle in that area. Art history Romanticism began in Germany and England in the early 19th century and spread throughout Europe by the 1820. The Romantic Movement was caused by the sudden social changes that occurred during the French Revolution as a revolt against Neo- classicism and its emphasis on order, harmony and balance. (Britannica Online Encyclopedia) The movement began as an artistic movement that rejected the traditional values of social structure and religion and encouraged individualism. Romantic artists valued imagination over reason and beauty.They loved nature and ere dedicated to examining personality and moods. Their paintings represented celebration of the heroic struggle of common people. Some of the well-known Romantic artists are John Constable, Thomas Cole, Francisco De Soya and Henry Fusels. (The Art World, n. D. ) Some of the characteristics of paintings of this period are their focus on heroic subjects, use of intense colors, loose brush strokes and dense texture of the painting. With the Industrial Revolution came new technology and machine power that changed the social condition.People had to move away from mom to crowded cities to find Jobs and work long hours. Romantic artists painted to get away from the cruel struggle of common people and for yearning for idealized rural pastoral life. AY. Realest: (1850- 1880) The Realist artists in France revolted against romantic ideals of distorted beauty and imagination. Realists believed in objective reality, seeking to represent the truth and accuracy of ordinary world. They wanted to show the natural truth of their subject and chose from everyday life around them, often painting images of the poor working class and displaying human misery and poverty.Paintings of realism often carried a moral or social message portraying the drudgery of everyday life. Some of the artists who represent realism period are Gustavo Courier, Jean-Francis Millet, Eduardo Meant (The Art World, n. D. ) and also American artists who studied in F rance, Thomas Skins and Henry Tanner and characterized by accurate portrayal of ordinary working people without personal bias or interpretation. Social condition that contributed to this art movement was France Revolution that began during the 1848 and lasted until 1880 which was a consequence of the industrial revolution.With the implementation of machine power, factory owners grew wealthy while the common workers labored long hours for low pay. Anger and resentment fueled strikes and revolts. AY. Analysis During the middle of the sass, Romanticism began to show signs of being extreme partly because of the fact that most art works were becoming increasingly opulent. Art lovers and enthusiasts who were accustomed to this form of art began to find it rather dull. Therefore, there was a need to introduce another form of art that was different from romanticism. People wanted to see the world in realistic point of view. Gnocchi, n. . ) This is how Realism was introduced. European nation s were engaged in wars, for example Russia had dominated Poland. People who had been crushed had a need to express a sense of patriotism and devotion to their traditions. Artists used their paintings to express the importance of their own culture. Revolution was also an element in paintings of the romantic era, but Realism focuses on practical subjects. AAA. Similarities or Differences Both movements were reactions to social conditions resulted by the industrial revolution.The industrial revolution caused the building of large factories and the wieners got wealthy while the lower working classes labored long hours for low pay. Workers' attempts to fight for better pay were often suppressed. Anger and resentment at capitalism often resulted in strikes and revolts. Romanticism and realism were two competing styles of artistic and practice. Romanticism emphasized heroic achievement and the power of the emotions whereas realism focused on individuals, work and social Justice portraying the actual living conditions of common working people, and often used gloomy color in their paintings.Romantic painting is nearly characterized by an imaginative and a dreamlike quality and strives to express feeling intense, mystical, or elusive. Realism, on the other hand, is an attempt to accurately describe human behavior and objects precisely as in real life. Babe. Explanation By deviating from earlier tradition of idealizing situation of Romantic artists' imagined beauty, the realists were attempting to capture the actual experience and struggle of common people in hope that it would spur social and economic reform. Babe. Reference to Work of Art John Constable and Jean Millet represent the difference in these two art periods.John Constable was an English painter who painted his landscape in the romantic style. â€Å"The Hay Win† is a countryside scene with romantic and dreamy features like streams and county cottages. He used luminous colors and bold thick brushwork an d focused on the qualities of light and sky rather than details of a scene. (The National Gallery, n. D. ) Jean- Franà §ois Millet was a French painter who focused on realistic things of everyday life and painted ordinary working people. In his painting â€Å"The Gleaners†, Millet displays the hard working peasants removing the last bits of the rain from a wheat field.He used dark, muted colors instead of luminous colors like Constable. There is no fanciful imagination, Just a painting of everyday life. Babe. Relation of Later Work to Earlier Work Again, the realist artists used their work to portray the actual living conditions of common people in contrast to romantic view of earlier works. John Constable's cottage scene with a tranquil stream represented the yearning nostalgia for idealized pastoral life of the lowly desperate fame's who must glean every last grains of wheat in Millet's painting. AC. Art History In not more than 300 words, write a descriptive account of Harmen Steenwyck's: Still Life: An Allegory of the Vanities of Human Life ( Illustration Book, Colour Plate 10), paying particular attention to the organisation and lighting of the composition and to the effects of tone and colour. Harmen Steenwyck illustrates an eclectic mix of objects in this fine oil painting. The objects are placed close to the picture plane, as within reach of the spectator, drawing the eye from left to right as the clustered objects increase in height. This suggests that this is the way that Steenwyck wanted the spectator to view them. His skilful use of light draws us to the principal object, the illuminated skull, bringing out the richness of its golden colour whilst depriving the hollows of the eyes to add depth. Many of the objects have spherical parts to them that again are highlighted through the use of light. Steenwyck manipulates light and shade through gradual transition to form the illusion of their roundness. Not only do these contrasts produce a striking illustrative effect but they also help to define the objects from one another. The fine brushwork picks up the finest detail, such as the leaves of the well thumbed books, the dial on the watch and the fraying rope on the urn. Harmen has organised the majority of his objects to the right side of the piece leaving the left feeling rather vacant, with our attention drawn to the pearlescent shell that stands almost solitary. The painting depicts objects of grandeur, inducing the idea of wealth and travelling through such choice objects as the Japanese sword, Grecian style urn and the shell, those these are overshadowed by the objects with the most emotional quality, the skull and the waning lamp symbolising death and the frailty of life. The skull seems out of place sharing a table with such other splendid objects, leaving the spectator questioning the choices Steenwyck has made, perhaps these symbols of death serve as a warning to those who seek happiness in the â€Å"Vanities of Human Life†. TMA 02 Part 2 Literature Read also History Quizzes Read John Keat's Sonnet, â€Å"When I have fears that I may cease to be† ( resource book 1, A39). In not more than 300 words, write an analysis of the sonnet basing your response on the questions below. 1. Comment on the use of repetition. (e.g. â€Å"when†, â€Å"before†, â€Å"never†.) 2. What is the relationship between the octave and the sestet? 3. What part do the different rhymes, including the final couplet, play in conveying the meaning of the sonnet? Keats begins by setting the tone for the sonnet, â€Å"When I have fears†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , indicating the major theme that is to run throughout. In the first two quatrains he writes about the fear of dying young, fearing he will not have the time he needs to fulfil himself as a writer and the third quatrain fearing that he will lose his beloved. Farming metaphors, â€Å"rich garners the full-ripen'd grain†, emphasize how he sees his imagination and creativity, like a fertile field waiting to be sown, with the alliteration in garners and grain highlighting this further. Keat's emotive language draws attention to his love poetry, â€Å"before my pen has gleaned my teaming brain†, believing the world to be full of material he can create countless poetry from, devoting more lines to his love of verse than his beloved. Enchanting imagery illustrates his philosophy on love, â€Å"faery power† a mystical and supernatural force that he has no control over. Alongside this immense fear of death, is the concern with time, the repetition of â€Å"When I† beginning both quatrains of the octave and introducing the sestet, stresses Keats preoccupation with time and the fear of it consuming him. This sense of time running out is emphasized through the enjambment in the third quatrain; the final line runs into the closing couplet, urging the reader on. The rhyming scheme, abab cdcd gg, helps to intensify the poems train of thought and has great effect in the closing couplet as Keats resolves his fears by declaring the triviality of love and fame, â€Å"love and fame to nothingness do sink.† The octave and the sestet share the continuity of rhyme, and underlying theme of death, though there is a clear change in the range of emotions as the sonnet develops. The octave concentrates on the emotions of confusion and fear whilst the sestet focuses on the fear of loving and being loved until reaching a feeling of acceptance over his fears. TMA 02 Part 3 Music For this part of the TMA you will need to listen to Track 10 on the TMA CD. You will hear the â€Å"First Tableau: The Shrovetide Fair† from Petrushka by Stravinsky. Listen to the track a few times and then answer the question below in up to 300 words on continuous prose. How does Stravinsky combine the elements of music, introduced to you in Unit 3, to establish the atmosphere of the fair? Stravinsky begins the piece with a high-pitched flourish of woodwind instruments, such as the flute and clarinet and is then accompanied by the strings which increase in volume to meet with a fanfare of trumpets, it sounds like the fair is opening. Rhythm plays a key role throughout the entirety of the piece, fluctuating sounds are created as the fluttering of the woodwind section meet with the loud sharp sounds of the strings. Stravinsky manipulates this rapidly changing rhythm to establish the excitement and commotion of the fair. The choice of instruments, and concentration on certain sections of the orchestra in particular parts adds colour to the piece, perhaps representative of the colours and vibrant images of the fair. In the same way, the fullness of the orchestra may relate to the busy crowds at the fair and at the same time sounds very grand. Full use is made of the orchestra, to create great noise and effect, where the strings are concentrated on, the music is very grand and striking; whereas the effect the woodwind has on the piece is fleeting and soft. The gradual change in tempo is marked by drum rolls which introduces adagio and accelerando, the timbre of the drum is loud and echoes briefly creating the feeling of suspense at the fair. Each movement brings its own highlight, from the strong trumpet blasts to the precise beats of the triangle, which accompanies the softer woodwind section at the end of the piece. The atmosphere of the fair is lively and upbeat as Stravinsky ends his â€Å"First Tableau†, he employs a melody of sounds that are reminiscent of Russian dance and manages to shift effortlessly from establishing excitement, commotion and suspense throughout the piece to this buoyant finale. TMA02 Part 4 Philosophy Answer these questions in not more than 300 words in total. 1. Here are some claims. If possible, give a sound argument for each claim. Where this is not possible, give a valid argument anyway. Do indicate those cases where you believe your argument is sound. A.) The Queen is a mother B.) The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain C.) The earth is flat. D.) Eating people is wrong. E.) Oranges are not the only fruit. All women who give birth are mothers. The Queen has given birth. The Queen is a mother. Rain clouds can only form over plains. It rains in Spain. The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain. People cannot walk any other surface than horizontal. People walk the earth. The earth is flat. Eating people is illegal. If something is illegal, it is wrong. Eating people is wrong. Every morning I eat fruit. I never eat oranges. Oranges are not the only fruit. Arguments A and E are both sound arguments, as the premises for both are al true, and it follows that if the premises to an argument are true then the conclusion must be true. Arguments B and C fail at being sound arguments as the information used can be disproved. Argument D is not sound, as in some countries and within some cultures cannibalism is legal. 2. Give an example of an inductive argument, and explain why it is not deductive. I've owned lots of cars. All the cars I've owned have had four wheels. All cars have four wheels. This argument cannot be deductive because it is based purely on assumption. I'm assuming that all cars have four wheels because I've only owned cars with four wheels; however the volume of cars I've owned is minute in comparison to the variety of models and makes. Therefore, I cannot presuppose that every car follows the same rule. Art History Compare and Contrast Essay Ancient Egyptian and Ancient Aegean art are both great influences to what we call art today. Egyptian art emphasized engravings, sculptures and paintings while Aegean art emphasized sculptures, paintings and decorations. One piece I chose to compare and contrast from the Egyptian art was Sekhmet. Another piece I chose to compare and contrast from the Aegean art period is the Snake Goddess. These two beautiful artworks are alike and similar in many ways.The Snake Goddess and Sekhmet are alike because they are both sculptures that show signs of power. The Snake Goddess is a sign of power because she has a form-fitting outfit that exposed her breasts and a flounced skirt with many layers that covered her feet. She is holding two snakes tightly in each arm. Some researchers claimed that Minoans worshipped the Snake Goddess as â€Å"Mother Goddess†. In Aegean culture they believed snakes were good and that they showed a sign of water.This also indicated f ertility, health and wealth. She also had a panther on top of her head, which shows that she is in touch with nature and that was a sign of power as well. Not only is she in touch with nature but her elaborate headdress and extravagant outfit shows wealth. Sekhmet also shows many signs of power. Her name is derived from the Egyptian word â€Å"Sekhem† (which means â€Å"power† or â€Å"might†) and is often translated as the â€Å"Powerful One† This ancient Egyptian goddess Sekhmet is known as the Eye of Ra.She is the power that protects the good and gets rid of the wicked. Sekhmet is the wrathful form of Hathor who is the Goddess of joy, music, dance, sexual love, pregnancy and birth. She is also Goddess of the sun and one of her powers is intense blinding heat. Her weapons were arrows, which were supposed to pierce hearts. Also Sekhmet would get a fiery glow from her body when she got upset and hot desert winds came from her breath. She was also a goddes s of healing. When people became ill, she was capable of healing them with her powers.The Snake Goddess and Sekhmet are also very different in many ways. One way they are different is the rolls of women in their time period. Egyptians and Aegean people both believed that women held power but they weren’t similar. For example in Aegean time women were a powerful symbol of fertility and having a connection with the earth and animals easily fits in with what they worshipped. On the other hand, Sekhmet showed a different view on women. The woman's body that was Sekhmet carried was for birth and new life.The head of the lioness that was Sekhmet showed a sign of destruction, danger and death and reflected the steady and piercing gaze of the hunter that she is. Sekhmet also represents the presence of good and evil, creation and destruction and the ability and willingness to nurture and protect life, and the ability to take it away in a blink of an eye. Not only are their rolls in so ciety different but how the pieces of arts were worshipped also contrasted. The Snake Goddess was used to show rebirth, resurrection or renewal of life.They believed this because the snake was a sign of power and symbolized the purification by water in the funeral cult, so the snake became a protector of the pharaohs in their death. On the other hand, Sekhmet was worshipped Sekhmet was worshiped throughout Egypt, particularly wherever a wadi opened out at the desert edges. This is the type of terrain that lions are often found. Many of them came to the desert to be able to drink and to prey upon cattle in that area.